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Speed, space and merging
车速、车距与汇入
Velocidad, espacio e incorporación

Driving for conditions, merging onto freeways and the basic lane discipline rules.根据路况行驶、汇入高速公路以及基本的车道纪律。Conducir según las condiciones, incorporarse a las autopistas y las reglas básicas del uso de carriles.

Practice this chapter练习本章Practicar este capítulo (55) · pass需通行证con pase

Speed for conditions
依路况控制车速
Velocidad según las condiciones

Top-down view of a two-lane road in daylight, dry pavement, dashed yellow centre line. Your blue car (YOU) follows a grey car in the same lane. A white ruler between the two cars is labelled "3 car lengths".YOU您TÚ3 car lengths3 个车身长度3 largos de auto
Following at 3 car lengths跟车距离3个车长Siguiendo a 3 longitudes de auto
White vertical rectangular sign with black text reading MINIMUM SPEED 40.MINIMUMSPEED40
MINIMUM SPEED 40 signMINIMUM SPEED 40 标志Señal MINIMUM SPEED 40
Based on 21 passages from the official guide依据:官方手册中的 21 段原文Basado en 21 pasajes de la guía oficial
Washington Driver Guide (English PDF)华盛顿州驾驶手册(英文 PDF)Guía del conductor de Washington (PDF en inglés) (opens in a new tab)(在新标签页中打开)(se abre en una pestaña nueva) — §4.12, PDF p.114
“Even if you’re driving under the posted speed limit, you can get a ticket for traveling too fast for road conditions.”
Washington Driver Guide (English PDF)华盛顿州驾驶手册(英文 PDF)Guía del conductor de Washington (PDF en inglés) (opens in a new tab)(在新标签页中打开)(se abre en una pestaña nueva) — §5.2, PDF p.159
“When you’re driving near other vehicles, it’s important to leave a distance that’s at least twice the length of your vehicle between you and the vehicle ahead.”
Washington Driver Guide (English PDF)华盛顿州驾驶手册(英文 PDF)Guía del conductor de Washington (PDF en inglés) (opens in a new tab)(在新标签页中打开)(se abre en una pestaña nueva) — §5.1, PDF p.158
“Washington law also requires you to drive at speeds that are safe for current road conditions. This means reducing your speed when conditions are poor.”
Washington Driver Guide (English PDF)华盛顿州驾驶手册(英文 PDF)Guía del conductor de Washington (PDF en inglés) (opens in a new tab)(在新标签页中打开)(se abre en una pestaña nueva) — §5.1, PDF p.158
“Reduce your speed in conditions like the following: • Sharp curves or hills where visibility is limited • Slippery roads due to rain, snow, or ice • Areas with pedestrians, children, cyclists, or animals • Shopping centers, parking lots, and areas with heavy foot traffic • Heavy traffic congestion • Narrow bridges and tunnels • Residential areas”
Washington Driver Guide (English PDF)华盛顿州驾驶手册(英文 PDF)Guía del conductor de Washington (PDF en inglés) (opens in a new tab)(在新标签页中打开)(se abre en una pestaña nueva) — §5.4, PDF p.161
“Eye-lead time is an important part of defensive driving. It gives you time to see, analyze, and respond to hazards. Scan as far as you can see ahead and to the sides. Use your mirrors to scan behind.”
Washington Driver Guide (English PDF)华盛顿州驾驶手册(英文 PDF)Guía del conductor de Washington (PDF en inglés) (opens in a new tab)(在新标签页中打开)(se abre en una pestaña nueva) — §2.5, PDF p.51
“If your car malfunctions or you need to make an emergency stop, turn on your flashing hazard lights. This alerts other drivers of your situation and allows them to safely go around you.”
Washington Driver Guide (English PDF)华盛顿州驾驶手册(英文 PDF)Guía del conductor de Washington (PDF en inglés) (opens in a new tab)(在新标签页中打开)(se abre en una pestaña nueva) — §5.1, PDF p.157
“Reduce the effectiveness of seat belts. Seat belts are designed to protect you in a crash, but their effectiveness decreases at higher speeds.”
Washington Driver Guide (English PDF)华盛顿州驾驶手册(英文 PDF)Guía del conductor de Washington (PDF en inglés) (opens in a new tab)(在新标签页中打开)(se abre en una pestaña nueva) — §5.1, PDF p.157
“Limit your ability to visually scan for hazards. The faster you drive, the less time you have to scan the road ahead for potential dangers”
Washington Driver Guide (English PDF)华盛顿州驾驶手册(英文 PDF)Guía del conductor de Washington (PDF en inglés) (opens in a new tab)(在新标签页中打开)(se abre en una pestaña nueva) — §5.1, PDF p.157
“Reduce vehicle and traction control. High speeds can make it harder to control your vehicle, especially in adverse conditions like rain or snow.”
Washington Driver Guide (English PDF)华盛顿州驾驶手册(英文 PDF)Guía del conductor de Washington (PDF en inglés) (opens in a new tab)(在新标签页中打开)(se abre en una pestaña nueva) — §5.2, PDF p.159
“You can reduce your risk and give yourself time to determine an alternative path, if needed, by leaving enough space around your vehicle.”
Washington Driver Guide (English PDF)华盛顿州驾驶手册(英文 PDF)Guía del conductor de Washington (PDF en inglés) (opens in a new tab)(在新标签页中打开)(se abre en una pestaña nueva) — §5.4, PDF p.161
“Count until you reach the marker. Guessing before you count helps you develop the ability to correctly estimate the distance your vehicle will travel in seconds.”
Washington Driver Guide (English PDF)华盛顿州驾驶手册(英文 PDF)Guía del conductor de Washington (PDF en inglés) (opens in a new tab)(在新标签页中打开)(se abre en una pestaña nueva) — §4.12, PDF p.114
“Some roads have minimum speed limits. You're required to travel at least this fast so you are not a hazard to other drivers.”

Freeways and merging
高速公路与汇入
Autopistas e incorporación

Top-down view of a two-lane interstate with an on-ramp joining from the right. Your blue car (YOU) is on the on-ramp with its turn signal on (amber dot, labelled "signal on"). Two grey cars travel close together in the right lane of the interstate: one is directly beside you and the other is just ahead of it, with only a small space between them; a caption reads "gap in the right lane: small".on-ramp入口匝道rampa de accesogap in the right lane: small右侧车道空隙:小espacio en el carril derecho: pequeñoYOU您TÚsignal on打转向灯direccional
On-ramp, small gap入口匝道,间隙小Rampa de acceso, espacio pequeño
Top-down view of a two-lane interstate with an on-ramp joining from the right. Your blue car (YOU) is on the on-ramp with its turn signal on (amber dot, labelled "signal on"). Two grey cars travel in the right lane of the interstate, one well ahead of you and one behind, with a large space between them; a caption reads "gap in the right lane: large".on-ramp入口匝道rampa de accesogap in the right lane: large右侧车道空隙:大espacio en el carril derecho: grandeYOU您TÚsignal on打转向灯direccional
On-ramp, large gap入口匝道,间隙大Rampa de acceso, espacio grande
Easy to mix up易混淆Fácil de confundir
  • Zipper merge means merging late, at the merge point, not early. Merging early is what creates the long single line.
    拉链式汇入指在汇合点才汇入,而不是提前汇入。提前汇入正是造成单车道长队的原因。
    Incorporación en cierre significa incorporarse tarde, en el punto de incorporación, no antes. Incorporarse antes de tiempo es lo que crea la fila única larga.
Based on 20 passages from the official guide依据:官方手册中的 20 段原文Basado en 20 pasajes de la guía oficial
Washington Driver Guide (English PDF)华盛顿州驾驶手册(英文 PDF)Guía del conductor de Washington (PDF en inglés) (opens in a new tab)(在新标签页中打开)(se abre en una pestaña nueva) — §5.3, PDF p.160
“Drivers already on the interstate have the right-of-way, so creating space to merge might require you to adjust your speed, faster or slower.”
Washington Driver Guide (English PDF)华盛顿州驾驶手册(英文 PDF)Guía del conductor de Washington (PDF en inglés) (opens in a new tab)(在新标签页中打开)(se abre en una pestaña nueva) — §4.10, PDF p.108
“When there are multiple lanes traveling in the same direction, drive in the right lane. Use the left lane to pass slower traffic.”
Washington Driver Guide (English PDF)华盛顿州驾驶手册(英文 PDF)Guía del conductor de Washington (PDF en inglés) (opens in a new tab)(在新标签页中打开)(se abre en una pestaña nueva) — §4.10, PDF p.108
“Don’t drive in reverse on the road, even if you miss your turn or exit. It’s illegal to back up on a shoulder or freeway.”
Washington Driver Guide (English PDF)华盛顿州驾驶手册(英文 PDF)Guía del conductor de Washington (PDF en inglés) (opens in a new tab)(在新标签页中打开)(se abre en una pestaña nueva) — §5.3, PDF p.160
“When you're merging, enter traffic with enough space so you don't cause the people around you to swerve, slow, or stop.”
Washington Driver Guide (English PDF)华盛顿州驾驶手册(英文 PDF)Guía del conductor de Washington (PDF en inglés) (opens in a new tab)(在新标签页中打开)(se abre en una pestaña nueva) — §5.3, PDF p.160
“Trying to merge into a space that is too small can be dangerous, especially if the driver in front needs to stop or slow down.”

Hazards and the hazard management routine
危险与危险管理惯例
Peligros y la rutina de gestión de riesgos

Based on 10 passages from the official guide依据:官方手册中的 10 段原文Basado en 10 pasajes de la guía oficial
Washington Driver Guide (English PDF)华盛顿州驾驶手册(英文 PDF)Guía del conductor de Washington (PDF en inglés) (opens in a new tab)(在新标签页中打开)(se abre en una pestaña nueva) — §5.0, PDF p.155
“A hazard can be an immediate danger, such as a child running out onto the road, or something less serious, such as a trash can in the road, coming up to a speed limit sign, or approaching the turn to your driveway.”
Washington Driver Guide (English PDF)华盛顿州驾驶手册(英文 PDF)Guía del conductor de Washington (PDF en inglés) (opens in a new tab)(在新标签页中打开)(se abre en una pestaña nueva) — §5.0, PDF p.155
“Check behind you after spotting a hazard that requires you to make a change. What's happening behind you can affect your decision-making”
Washington Driver Guide (English PDF)华盛顿州驾驶手册(英文 PDF)Guía del conductor de Washington (PDF en inglés) (opens in a new tab)(在新标签页中打开)(se abre en una pestaña nueva) — §5.2, PDF p.159
“When merging, give yourself enough space so you safely apply your hazard management routine to plan, communicate, check, execute, and evaluate.”
Washington Driver Guide (English PDF)华盛顿州驾驶手册(英文 PDF)Guía del conductor de Washington (PDF en inglés) (opens in a new tab)(在新标签页中打开)(se abre en una pestaña nueva) — §5.0, PDF p.156
“Plan. Scan your environment to know what's happening around you. Be sure you also look in your rearview mirror to see what's happening behind you. Decide if the change you want to make is safe.”
Washington Driver Guide (English PDF)华盛顿州驾驶手册(英文 PDF)Guía del conductor de Washington (PDF en inglés) (opens in a new tab)(在新标签页中打开)(se abre en una pestaña nueva) — §5.0, PDF p.156
“Communicate. Let others know what you plan to do. Use your signals and make sure everyone is well aware of your intentions.”
Washington Driver Guide (English PDF)华盛顿州驾驶手册(英文 PDF)Guía del conductor de Washington (PDF en inglés) (opens in a new tab)(在新标签页中打开)(se abre en una pestaña nueva) — §5.0, PDF p.156
“Check. Prepare your vehicle position and speed so you have adequate space to make your change with no more than medium braking. Recheck your mirrors and look over your shoulder for pedestrians and bicyclists. Make sure no other drivers are trying to move into the same space.”
Washington Driver Guide (English PDF)华盛顿州驾驶手册(英文 PDF)Guía del conductor de Washington (PDF en inglés) (opens in a new tab)(在新标签页中打开)(se abre en una pestaña nueva) — §5.4, PDF p.163
“You need time to complete your turn without impacting the flow of traffic you're entering. You need enough time to make the turn and reach the speed of oncoming traffic.”

Sample questions例题Preguntas de muestra

Top-down view of a two-lane road in daylight with a dashed yellow centre line. The pavement has a bluish sheen and a caption reads "wet road". Your blue car (YOU) follows a grey car in the same lane; a white ruler between the two cars is labelled "4 car lengths". No other vehicles are shown.YOU您TÚ4 car lengths4 个车身长度4 largos de autowet road潮湿路面camino mojado
Q1
It is raining hard and the two-lane road shown is wet, with water standing in places. The posted limit is 45 mph and you are driving exactly 45 mph behind the car ahead. Your passenger says that because you are at the posted limit, you cannot be cited for speed. Is that right?
雨下得很大,图示的双车道道路路面潮湿,有些地方积水。标示限速为45英里/小时,您正以恰好45英里/小时的速度跟在前车后面。您的乘客说,因为您正处于标示限速,所以不可能因速度被开罚单。这种说法对吗?
Llueve con fuerza y el camino de dos carriles que se muestra está mojado, con agua acumulada en algunos puntos. El límite indicado es de 45 mph y usted conduce exactamente a 45 mph detrás del auto de adelante. Su pasajero dice que, como va al límite indicado, no pueden multarlo por velocidad. ¿Es correcto?

Pick an answer to check it.选一个答案,看看是否正确。Elige una respuesta para comprobarla.

Q2
You have just used the left lane to pass a slow truck on a highway with two lanes in your direction. You are now well ahead of the truck, the right lane in front of you is open, and traffic is light. What should you do?
在一条同向两车道的公路上,您刚刚利用左车道超过了一辆慢速卡车。现在您已远在卡车前方,您前方的右车道畅通,车流稀少。您应该怎么做?
Usted acaba de usar el carril izquierdo para rebasar a un camión lento en una carretera con dos carriles en su sentido. Ahora va muy por delante del camión, el carril derecho frente a usted está libre y hay poco tráfico. ¿Qué debe hacer?

Pick an answer to check it.选一个答案,看看是否正确。Elige una respuesta para comprobarla.

Q3
On a two-lane highway, the car ahead of you has stopped to turn left and is waiting for oncoming traffic. There is a paved shoulder on your right wide enough for your car, and no sign or official directs traffic onto it. May you use the shoulder to get around the turning car?
在一条双车道公路上,您前方的汽车停下来准备左转,正在等待对向车流。您右侧有一条足够您的车通行的铺装路肩,没有标志或官方人员指引车辆驶上路肩。您可以利用路肩绕过这辆转弯的车吗?
En una carretera de dos carriles, el auto delante de usted se detuvo para girar a la izquierda y espera al tráfico de frente. A su derecha hay un acotamiento pavimentado con espacio suficiente para su auto, y ninguna señal ni autoridad dirige el tráfico hacia él. ¿Puede usar el acotamiento para rodear al auto que gira?

Pick an answer to check it.选一个答案,看看是否正确。Elige una respuesta para comprobarla.

Practice this chapter练习本章Practicar este capítulo (55) · pass需通行证con pase